Kosovo has been the target of disinformation campaigns aimed at undermining its sovereignty and stability. These efforts exploit ethnic divisions, spread propaganda, and seek to weaken trust in Kosovo’s institutions and partnerships with allies. These tactics aim to delay Kosovo’s and the region’s integration into Euro-Atlantic structures. In addition to daily measures to counter these narratives, more strategic approach could further strengthen societal resilience
By Matti NISSINEN
In a world increasingly marked by geopolitical tensions, environmental crises, and non-traditional security threats, the concept of resilience has become more critical than ever. These challenges require nations to develop flexible and effective strategies. Finland’s journey over the past century, from a history of conflict and hardship to becoming a model of security and preparedness, offers valuable lessons. Through its comprehensive and inclusive approach, Finland has demonstrated that resilience is not merely about defense but about building a society capable of thriving amidst uncertainty. For countries like Kosovo, navigating their own unique obstacles, Finland’s example provides a blueprint for fostering security, stability, and sustainable progress.
A Whole-of-Society Approach to Preparedness
Finland’s path to its current position was not easy. Independence in 1917 was followed by a civil war and devastating losses during World War II. The Cold War era further tested the nation’s ability to navigate neutrality, balancing relationships with both East and West. Yet these experiences shaped Finland’s focus on resilience, diplomacy, and innovation. The rebuilding process not only preserved Finland’s sovereignty but also laid the groundwork for its commitment to democracy, human rights, and the rule of law.
At the core of Finland’s strategy lies the “whole-of-society” approach to security and preparedness. This model, rooted in collaboration between government institutions, the private sector, NGOs, and citizens, ensures societal resilience in the face of modern threats.
Everyone’s preparedness and actions affect how well country copes in different situations. The authorities coordinate the overall situation, help those in most need and make sure everyday life is as normal as possible. However, the authorities cannot do everything alone. This makes it important that everyone contributes to preparedness.
Taking precautions is key, yet it does not make the threat more likely to occur. Every person should be prepared for different types of emergencies, such as disruptions to the electricity supply or telecommunications connections. For decades, Finnish citizens have been familiarized with the home emergency supplies checklist, including water and food supplies and other essentials. In addition, preparedness includes obtaining information about risks and threats, an ability to act when faced with an abnormal situation, and a sense of community.
Tangible initiatives such as an extensive civilian shelters network across the country, high media literacy, and comprehensive cyber defense programs are key elements of this approach. For example, during Finland’s NATO membership process, information warfare tactics sought to erode public trust in the alliance. Finland countered these efforts through transparent communication, public awareness campaigns, and media literacy initiatives, which strengthened trust in institutions and reinforced national unity.
Similarly, Kosovo has faced its own challenges in navigating hybrid threats, which demand a tailored approach. The 2023 Banjska attack exposed the destabilizing potential of disinformation campaigns. Following the armed assault, false narratives emerged. However, Kosovo effectively countered these claims, and with swift and transparent response not only debunked the malicious narratives but also bolstered public trust in national institutions. Finland’s emphasis on media literacy and proactive communication offers a valuable parallel, illustrating the importance of equipping societies to tackle both physical and informational threats.
Preparedness is not limited to countering malicious narratives. Finland’s readiness extends to critical infrastructure protection and public health. The ability to manage crises, whether natural disasters or security threats, is supported by coordinated efforts among state authorities and communities. This model highlights the importance of inclusivity in ensuring long-term resilience. The significance of such efforts is evident in real-world examples where infrastructure has become a target for destabilization.
For example, the recent terrorist attack on the water canal in Zubin Potok highlighted the fragility of critical infrastructure and underscored the need for a whole-of-society approach to preparedness. This incident demonstrated how critical infrastructure could become a target for destabilization, emphasizing Finland’s model of collaborative preparedness involving government coordination, private sector engagement, and community participation to protect vital resources in times of crisis.
Small nations can contribute to global security
Finland’s resilience model extends beyond its borders. Formalizing its NATO membership in 2023, Finland has embraced its role in collective security while maintaining emphasis on peace and stability. Finland contributes to global security through peace mediation and crisis management. These efforts reflect commitment to multilateralism and the principles of a rules-based international order. Finland’s active role demonstrates the value of small nations in fostering global stability.
Russia’s aggression in Ukraine has underscored the importance of solidarity in defending international law and sovereignty. Finland has supported Ukraine – and continues to do so – through humanitarian aid, defense assistance, and active advocacy for EU enlargement. The nation recognizes that stability in Europe depends on upholding shared values and strengthening cooperation.
Finland’s experience with non-traditional security challenges, such as information manipulation and cyberattacks, offers valuable lessons for countries like Kosovo and other regions facing similar issues. By fostering collaboration, building capacity in media literacy, and reinforcing security infrastructure, Finland demonstrates the importance of proactive engagement in mitigating external pressures.
For Kosovo, navigating its own path toward NATO and EU integration, Finland’s example serves as a reminder that small nations can shape the global security landscape through resilience, partnerships, and adherence to shared principles.
Can Kosovo draw lessons from Finland’s model to enhance its resilience and stability?
Finland’s model is driven by a commitment to shared values and practical solutions. As the global community faces challenges ranging from geopolitical instability to environmental crises, Finland’s example underscores the value of long-term planning and inclusive policymaking. Resilience is not simply about defense—it is about ensuring a society’s ability to adapt and thrive in the face of change.
In today’s unpredictable world, Finland’s comprehensive approach to security, sustainability, and collaboration can offer a blueprint for other nations. By prioritizing these principles, countries can build a more stable, secure, and sustainable future for their citizens.
Kosovo has been the target of disinformation campaigns aimed at undermining its sovereignty and stability. These efforts exploit ethnic divisions, spread propaganda, and seek to weaken trust in Kosovo’s institutions and partnerships with allies. These tactics aim to delay Kosovo’s and the region’s integration into Euro-Atlantic structures. In addition to daily measures to counter these narratives, more strategic approach could further strengthen societal resilience.
One possibility is to develop a proactive strategy against FIMI (Foreign Influence and Malicious Interference) and to continue strengthening relationships with Western allies. Kosovo could benefit from a dedicated unit that integrates all relevant institutions, focusing on monitoring, debunking, and preempting FIMI at both the global and regional levels, ensuring Kosovo’s voice is heard in the international arena. Furthermore, strengthening alliances with partners, such as the EU and NATO, is essential to leverage the expertise and resources needed to bolster resilience against hybrid threats.
Four examples from Finland could be useful for Kosovo:
- Strengthen Hybrid Threat Resilience: Kosovo can adopt Finland’s strategies to counter disinformation and cyberattacks by fostering media literacy, enhancing public awareness, and collaborating with international partners.
- Develop Whole-of-Society Preparedness: Implement Finland’s inclusive approach by engaging government, private sectors, NGOs, and citizens in crisis preparedness and resilience building, including infrastructure protection and readiness drills.
- Promote Regional and Multilateral Cooperation: Kosovo should continue deepening its integration into NATO and EU frameworks, as well as regional cooperation arrangements, drawing on Finland’s example of balancing regional stability and global partnerships.
- Invest in Democratic Institutions and Public Trust: Strengthening transparency, the rule of law, and equality to build public confidence in governance is of utmost importance, using Finland’s trust-based society as a model.
(The author is the Ambassador of Finland in Kosovo)
